Financial Analysis - Sara Lee Corp Essay - 4134 Words

Sara Lee Corp Sara Lee operates as a global manufacturer and marketer of brand-name packaged foods and household products. Their products are distributed in grocery stores, drug stores, and food-service outlets. In February 2005, the firm embarked on mission to centralize and streamline its organization. Several less profitable business segments and brands were divested. Although Sara Lee owns well-known brands such as Sara Lee, Hillshire Farms, and Jimmy Dean, its products are segmented, making it difficult to achieve pricing power. Sara Lee is also feeling the pressure of rising commodity costs and changes in consumer trends. Many industry analysts are skeptical as to whether the restructuring initiative and strategy shift will†¦show more content†¦D. Changes in inventory, there is a sharp decline from ’06 to ’07 on the balance sheet due to divested businesses. The change in cash flows in ‘07 supports building inventory in order to support changing industry tre nds. Cash from Investing Activities: E. Capital Expenditures: large cash expenditures also show investment in the business and support the growth strategy. F. Investments? If I was auditing SLE I would require disclosure of this amount. There is nothing on the income statement that explains this cash gain. (The Income Statement is attached for review in Appendix A). G. Other Cash flows from investing activities – shows shrinkage in business. This amount also requires further explanation and is not found on the income statement. H. Long Term Investments: from Balance Sheet, no long-term investing also shows a business in the declining stage of the life cycle. I. Total Cash Flows from Investing: even with the significant amount of capital expenditures, the positive inflow states a decline in business investment which is not good news for the future; this is surprising based on the new strategy focus. Cash from Financing Activities: J. Purchase of Stock: Sara Lee has been repurchasing stock since the 2005 announcement. Stockholders are eager for SLE management to accelerate its currentShow MoreRelatedCase Study Questions1276 Words   |  6 Pagesfive-forces analysis of competition in the North American wholesale club industry. 2. Do all three warehouse club rivals—Costco, Sam’s, and BJ’s Wholesale—have highly similar strategies? What differences in their strategies are apparent? Does one rival have a better strategy than the others? If so, why is it better? Does one rival have a somewhat weaker strategy than the other two? If so, why is it weaker? 3. Which of the three warehouse club rivals has been the strongest financial performer inRead MoreSkype: Strategic Management and Sara Lee1472 Words   |  6 PagesComputer’s financial performance the past three years? (Use the financial ratios in Table 4.1 on pages 94-96 of the text as a guide in doing your financial analysis.) 6. 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Explorers of the Renaissance Free Essays

Bartholomew Dais, the explorer for Portugal, planned to head an expedition in search of a sea route to India. Though, at the end of his voyage he only became the first sail to the tip of Africa. This, landing has only created a new name for the Cabot ads Galahs and the cape Cabot ads Torments for his country. We will write a custom essay sample on Explorers of the Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dais had a voyage that inspired explorers to try a faster or better route to travel, which lead to the discoveries of newer lands;also, this voyage helped encourage inventors and scientists to invent effective techniques and new technology that could help future expeditions. Magellan studied very famous explorers for many years in Portugal. He planed to find a route to the Spice Islands by sailing west and around the world. Ferdinand Magellan, an explorer of Spain, has amazed us with his courage by venturing through the chaotic and the untouched world. Through his voyage Magellan provided the first positive proof that the world was round, thus opening trade routes to explorers all over the world. Ferdinand Magellan is recognized as the first person to circumnavigate the world. His discovery of this route had the effects in many ways; for example, the religion of Christianity has also traveled along his Journeys, and also his geographical finding has made the current map more accurate then it originally was. Jacques Carrier sailed in the name of France. Carrier searched to find a Northwest Passage to India and the Spice Islands and also looking for new places to trade. In the end Carrier was the first to sail up the SST. Lawrence River and Canada. Canada was claimed as a piece of France; furthermore, this opened up for trade with the natives. How to cite Explorers of the Renaissance, Papers

Cyber Security 1990s Business Organisation

Question: Describe about the Cyber Security for 1990s Business Organisation. Answer: Introduction From the mid-1990s business organisation had embraced the internet (Rhodes-Ousley 2013). With the growth of e-commerce and business the question of security also arose. A classical case is the story of Egghead software company which dealt with software. Once the data of the company was stolen it could do nothing except to be sold to Amazon.com. With the growth of the internet, network security also evolved. E-business houses required that they give the required information to the customers as well as they also wanted the information about their own functioning at the same time. E-commerce industry requires that they share information about the products, they carry information about the customer and at the same time they conduct business by working with various financial institutions for the financial transactions. The customer visiting the website of a e-commerce industry requires the security of the information that he will provide while doing the business. All this requires a high level of cyber security from the e-commerce industry. Cyber security in e-business carries out four important functions: (1) it provides the e-business organisation an amount of security, (2) it enables the organisation to run the various application safely, (3) it provides a form of data security to the organisation and (4) it safeguards the technology assets of the business organisation (Whitman and Mattord 2011). According to the internet security threat report by Symantec at the close of 2015, there was a loss of 191 million data identities (Symantec.com 2016). According to Symantec the threat to a financial institution has increased to four times in a year in 2015. Literature Review By e-commerce, one does not only mention the selling and buying of products and services online, it also means the transactions between two agents of the market. These transactions are mostly monetary in nature. This attribute requires a security system as money is involved here. Here comes the cyber security. It protects both the buyers and sellers who are using the internet as the place of transaction. It protects their information from getting into wrong hands (Gupta 2016). Estonia, one of the developed nations faced cyber attack in the year 2007, which shows the need for a cyber security plan for every state. The plans for cyber security have to be updated regularly, as the hackers also updating themselves. If the consumers and sellers are not comfortable in e-commerce, it would increase the cost of a transaction, hampering the efficiency level and the output of the country. Since this attack, state-wise policy recommendations were made to secure the transactions that are taking place online. Leaking of the security can lead to a fall in a country's GDP (Czosseck, Ottis and Talihrm 2013). With the help of cloud computing, computing as a personal commodity is replaced by computing as a public utility. The exclusiveness in nature is what makes the e-commerce special among all the marketplaces. The need for cyber security is not only from the side of the customers but also from the seller's side. A loss of security can halt the actions in e-commerce, which will result in deterioration in terms of the economy of scale, market's flexibility, convenience, and other. This has the potential to change the structure of a market (Rabai et al. 2013). A lack of cyber security results in the development of false credentials. It can create an unsecured market. This kind of market never survives in the long run. Without the needed trust, the market will break. Computer and network security are must, as these can cause false information generation, which leads the economy in the wrong way. This can create loopholes in the market. False bank websites, false bankers, false buyers are the example of a lack of the cyber security of a state. Credit card fraud, false shopping sites, false billing and payments are result of this (Sudia 2013). Using the elements of co-creation, the authorities can point out the "nudges" in cyber security. Identifying these nudges will guide to the development of the best behavioural discipline. Insecure behavior in the wireless networks is the reason the e-commerce is not moving as smoothly as it could be. This is the reason of market inefficiency. This also causes the society a cost, decreasing the social welfare. This is also another form of negative externality. It shrinks the possibility of the market expansion (Coventry et al. 2014). A holistic cyber security system has to be adopted by the government of a state. This will let the authorities protect the citizens as well as the country's fund for the people. The cyber security strategies are taken by the government will ensure a regular update and relief from any chaos in the economy. The government has to ensure the top quality of cyber security as only it can ensure market stability. Cyber security is more like a public good than a private good, hence the government has to take the initiatives (Atoum, Otoom and Abu 2014). Many international; relations depends on cyber security. These relationships were mostly in the area of the countries' economy. These days, human rights, security agendas are also incorporated currently. Cyber security capacity building is taken as a project, which will help the government maintain international relationships. Cyber security works as a stabilizer in the political and social development. Rich industrialized countries show the potential dimensions in technology and other areas. The cyber security organization should have a computer emergency response team, In the case of any unusual behaviour the response team will take over all the present and future transactions (Klimburg and Zylberberg 2015). The agents of an economy are widely benefited by e-commerce. The openness of the internet is benefitting for some with good intentions, and the market as well. But this openness has lead to misuse of personal information. Many countries have now policy measures to protect the economic agents operating in the market. The approach of cyber security varies from country to country. The developed nations have a tighter security system than the countries Nigeria and other backward countries which are yet to enact any such measurements (Adelola, Dawson and Batmaz 2015). The History of e-commerce is not that old. It is younger than most of the existing market structures. This keeps an open end to the possibilities in which the policy measurements have to be taken by the government of a country. Thus, ensuring cyber security is not an easy task. Failure of taking proper measurements will lead to many adverse effects on the economy. There are a lot of start ups, who bank on the e-commerce falls due to breach of internet security. It costs people their jobs, leading to unemployment. It is the state authoritys responsibility to provide them a proper guard from the criminals who otherwise have the potential to bankrupt the entrepreneurs (Bayuk et al. 2012). The significant growth in e-commerce is followed by an increase in the rate of cyber attacks. The attackers primary choice of weapon is malware. This situation urges the state authorities to innovate new techniques to stop the attackers. Without proper measures from the government the online transactions will break the chain, resulting in a devastating situation. The recently developed malwares can put an economy back to the initial stages, as most of the government and bank transactions are now done through online activities. Leakage of this information will hurt the countrys economy. The countries linked to the former country through trade and other medium will also face the negative effects of the massacre. Hence, cyber security is an essential concept in the case of e-commerce (Jang-Jaccard and Nepal 2014). Research Methodology To address the present research on cyber security and e-commerce a survey questionnaire would be developed (Flick 2015). The survey questionnaire would be mailed to IT and cyber security experts who have experience of e-business. The survey questionnaire would test how the threat of cyber security has increased over the years. The research question would focus on the methods of cyber crimes that can occur with e-business. The research also focuses on the steps being taken by e-business organisations to provide cyber security. The challenges being faced by the e-business organisation would also be identified. The relation between cyber security and e-commerce would be established. The research would also try to seek the tools being used by e-business organisations in providing cyber security. Gantt chart Week 1 Week 6 Week 10 Week 13 Week 14 Introduction Literature review Data collection Data analysis Conclusion Figure 1: Gantt chart of the research (Source: created by author) Research Process The present research is based on the fact that the e-commerce industry is dependent on cyber security. The B2B and B2C are dependent on the web and the security being provided by the web. The present research aims to find the various challenges faced by the business organisation doing e-business. The data would be collected from IT experts who have adequate experience of cyber security to e-business organisation. The analysis of the data would represent the challenges being faced by cyber security agencies in providing security to e-business organisations. The analysis of the data would also provide insight into how the cyber security threat perception has increased and how the e-business houses are gearing up to the challenge of cyber security. Data collection The process of sampling is one of the most important processes of a research. For the purpose of the present research quantitative research methods would be used (Floyd 2013). The sample size would consist of 200 IT and cyber security experts who have an adequate experience of providing security to e-commerce would be selected. The experts would be mailed a survey questionnaire. The present research focuses on cyber security in e-commerce thus only people having adequate knowledge and background of the subject can form the respondents to the present survey. Data analysis Microsoft excel would be used to analyse the data (Winston 2014). The data would be mapped for the security vulnerability of the e-commerce house. The mapping would provide an answer to the different types of methods in which the cyber security of a e-business organisation can be breached. This would provide for what the e-business organisations thinks about cyber crime. The data analysis would provide an answer into what the business organisation thinks is important in cyber crime. The data analysis would provide an answer into the most common methods by which a cyber crime is conducted and the profile of a cyber criminal. It would also provide an answer into the mind of a cyber criminal. Whether the cyber criminal is a single entity or multiple persons working together. The analysis of the data would provide an answer to the various tools that are being used by e-commerce industry. This would also provide an answer to the efficiency of the tools used for cyber security. The analysi s of the survey would provide an answer to the reasons behind cyber security breach. Finally the analysis would provide an insight into whether cyber breach takes place on any particular days or it can happen on any given day throughout the year. Expected Research Outcome The present research would show how the threat perception to e-business has increased from 1990 when internet and thus e-commerce was born. It would also show the vulnerabilities to e-business. Cyber security poses of the greatest dangers to e-business. The dangers are not just to the business organisations but also to the customers of the e-business organisations. The outcome of the research would show how business organisations are coping with threat of cyber security. The present research would also show how e-business organisations have increased the cyber security of their websites and thus have been able to provide a sense of CSR to the customer. The present research would provide an insight into the financial implication of cyber security on e-business. It would provide a peak into the various tools being used by business houses to enable cyber security. The research would also provide information into how business houses conduct e-business. Conclusion The present research would show that with the growth of e-commerce the threat perception has also grown. It would show the threats being faced by the e-commerce industry. It would also show how e-business organisation have understood the requirements of providing cyber security in the changed domain and have upped the level of security. The present research would show how cyber security and e-commerce have had a symbiotic relationship. The present research would also show the probable impact of cyber insecurity to e-commerce. The present would provide an idea into the steps that have been taken by the e-commerce industry to secure themselves. References Adelola, T., Dawson, R. and Batmaz, F., 2015. Privacy and data protection in e-commerce in developing nations: evaluation of different data protection approaches. Atoum, I., Otoom, A. and Abu Ali, A., 2014. A holistic cyber security implementation framework. Information Management Computer Security, 22(3), pp.251-264. Bayuk, J.L., Healey, J., Rohmeyer, P., Sachs, M.H., Schmidt, J. and Weiss, J., 2012. Cyber security policy guidebook. John Wiley Sons. Coventry, L., Briggs, P., Jeske, D. and van Moorsel, A., 2014, June. Scene: A structured means for creating and evaluating behavioral nudges in a cyber security environment. In International Conference of Design, User Experience, and Usability (pp. 229-239). Springer International Publishing. Czosseck, C., Ottis, R. and Talihrm, A.M., 2013. Estonia after the 2007 cyber attacks: Legal, strategic and organisational changes in cyber security. Case Studies in Information Warfare and Security: For Researchers, Teachers and Students, 72. Flick, U. (2015). Introducing Research Methodology: A Beginner's Guide to Doing a Research Project. 2nd Ed. Sage Publication Fowler Jr, Floyd J. (2013). Survey research methods: 5th Ed. Sage publications. Gupta, B. ed., 2016. Handbook of Research on Modern Cryptographic Solutions for Computer and Cyber Security. IGI Global. Jang-Jaccard, J. and Nepal, S., 2014. A survey of emerging threats in cybersecurity. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 80(5), pp.973-993. Klimburg, A. and Zylberberg, H., 2015. Cyber Security Capacity Building: Developing Access. Rabai, L.B.A., Jouini, M., Aissa, A.B. and Mili, A., 2013. A cybersecurity model in cloud computing environments. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, 25(1), pp.63-75. Rhodes-Ousley, M. (2013). Information security. Emeryville, 2nd Ed Calif.: McGraw-Hill/Osborne. Sudia, F.W., 2013. False Banking, Credit Card, and Ecommerce System. U.S. Patent Application 13/747,368. Symantec.com. (2016). Internet Security Threat Report 2016 | Symantec. [online] Available at: https://www.symantec.com/security-center/threat-report [Accessed 6 Oct. 2016]. Whitman, M.E. and Mattord, H.J. (2011). Principles of information security. 4th Ed. Cengage Learning Winston, W. (2014). Microsoft Excel 2013 Data Analysis and Business Modeling: Data Analysis and Business Modeling. Pearson Education.

J. Vernon Mcgee Essays - Letter Writers, , Term Papers

J. Vernon Mcgee J. Vernon McGee has an interesting way of looking at the Bible. He seems to take a standpoint on Galations that is very refreshing. I have never heard a biblical scalar use the word cool before. I just really enjoyed reading his commentary. He divides the book into five parts, the first being the introduction. He talks about how in the first five verses Paul tells that he is an apostle by God not by man. In verse two he describes that Paul is writing to the churches of Galatia and not the church body that is composed of all that are saved. In verse four he gives a very inspiring view of how Jesus gave himself. As well as talking about how God will deliver us from present evil. From verse five he talks about how wonderful God is and how we need to praise his name. McGee then goes on to talk about Paul's subject in Galations. Paul is writing this letter to warn about Judaizers. After Paul had gone threw an area these Judaizers would come right behind him and add to what Paul said. They would tell them that they had to obey the Mosaic Law as well as have faith. The main idea for verses 1:6-10 holds the same main idea. God has provided us with the one and only true gospel and this is what Paul was preaching. If anyone should ever come up to and tell you that your belief is right up to a point we should tell them to leave us alone. In the next part he talks about Paul's experiences in Arabia. In verses eleven and twelve Paul states one again about how the gospel he preaches came from no man but from God. In verses 18-24 we read about Paul going to meet with the other apostles and their reaction to him. The church as well as the apostles in Jerusalem was slightly reluctant to accept Paul when he first arrived. In fact McGee says ?without the help of Barnabas, Paul would probably have waited for a long time before the church in Jerusalem would have received him?. Paul never did meet up with all the apostles. He only met two the brothers of Jesus, James and Peter. Now we come to chapter two of Galations. This is the point were things really start to get interesting. This is when Paul comes back to Jerusalem with Titus. It was a very powerful message that Paul stated by bringing one who was uncircumcised to the church of Jerusalem. The real meat of verses 2:1-10 is when Paul meets with the apostles. In this meeting they both presented their version of the gospel and came to find out that they had nothing to add to Paul's version. They had come to the agreement that both gospels were true and accurate. Now we move to Paul's experiences in Antioch with Peter. It was well know that Jews did not feel that they should eat meat. Well at the church in Antioch there was a mixture of both Jews and Gentiles. They also had a great meal called a love feast in this church. Well this lead to some problems having Jews that didn't eat meat and Gentiles that did. The solution was to have two separate tables, one with meat and one without. When Paul came he saw no problem in eating meat so he went to sit at the gentiles table. When Simon Peter arrived he saw Paul sitting at the table and sat at the Jews table anyway. Later after the meal Peter ask Paul about eating meat and Paul explained to Peter that eating meat cannot separate you from God if you are saved by grace. Peter then ate meat the next morning and enjoyed it. That evening when friends from the church in Jerusalem came Peter went from the Gentile table back to the kosher table. ?By his actions he was saying that the gentile table was wro ng and the kosher table was right. Now we come to chapter three in Galatians were Paul now goes back to the experiences of the Galatians. McGee says that he believes in experience.

Special Character Chart for German

Special Character Chart for German Both PC and Mac users sooner or later confront this problem: How do I get à ¶, Ä, à ©, or ß out of my English-language keyboard? While Mac users dont have the problem to the same degree, they too can be left wondering which option key combination will produce a  « or a  » (the special German quotation marks). If you want to display German or other special characters  on a Web page using HTML, then you have yet another problem- which we also solve for you in this section. The chart below will clarify the special German character codes for both Macs and PCs. But first a few comments on how to use the codes: Apple/Mac OS X The Mac option key allows users to easily type most foreign letters and symbols on a standard English-language Apple keyboard. But how do you know which option combination will produce which letter? After you get past the easy ones (option u a ), how do you discover the others? In Mac OS X you can use the  Character Palette. To view the Character Palette you click on the Edit menu (in an application or in the Finder) and select Special Characters. The Character Palette will appear. It not only shows the codes and letters, but also how they appear in various font styles. In Mac OS X theres also an Input Menu (under System Preferences International) that allows you to select various foreign-language keyboards, including standard German and Swiss German. The International control panel also allows you to set your language options.   Apple/ Mac OS 9 Instead of the Character Palette, the older Mac OS 9 has Key Caps. That feature lets you see which keys produce which foreign symbols. To view Key Caps, click on the multicolored Apple symbol at the top left, scroll down to Key Caps and click. When the Key Caps window is visible, press the option/alt key to see the special characters it produces. Pressing the shift key and option simultaneously will reveal yet another set of letters and symbols. Windows - Most Versions On a Windows PC, the Alt option offers a way to type special characters on the fly. But you need to know the keystroke combination that will get you each special character. Once you know the Alt0123 combination, you can use it to type an ß, an , or any other special symbol. (See our Alt-code chart for German below.) In the related feature,  Can Your PC Speak German?, I explain in detail how to find the combination for each letter, but the chart below will save you the trouble. In the same feature, I explain how to select various languages/keyboards in Windows. Character Codes for German These codes work with most fonts. Some fonts may vary. For the PC codes, always use the numeric (extended) keypad on the right of your keyboard and not the row of numbers at the top. (On a laptop you may have to use num lock and the special number keys.) For this German character, type: German letter/symbol PC Code Alt + Mac Code option + 0228 u, then a 0196 u, then A e, acute accent 0233 e 0246 u, then o 0214 u, then O 0252 u, then u 0220 u, then U sharp s, es-zett 0223 s

Business Outsourcing and Functions †Free Samples to Students

The process of contracting out or delegating work to people or agencies outside the business premises is called outsourcing business function. It may evolve in carrying tasks, job, or any operation where external third parties are contracted for significant time period  (Riley, 2010). The work outsourced can be performed in house or outside the firm. Outsourcing has gained much importance with changing nature of businesses   (Dendler, n.d.). In last decades, many big and small organisations which are getting associated with globalisation, considers outsourcing function as a positive approach. Geographical limitations are dealt with ease by facilitating outsourcing business functions like manufacturing, customer support, in house support, advertisement, etc.  (ITONews.eu, 2017) The role of strategic management has become important not only to look after business practice carried within organisations, but also manage work that can be outsourced to get efficient work with cost red uctive ways. Since outsourcing itself is a complicated process, a company may face various challenges while implementing it into business  (Pellicelli, 2012). In this literature review opportunities of outsourcing in business along with major challenges faced by it will be reviewed and analysed with the help of research made by authors and researchers along with identifying gaps between the studies. As shown in above figure, the reason to outsource work to external providers is various and thus becomes necessary to introduce it in business. Depending on the nature of business the outsourcing function may vary but the primary objective behind it lays the same i.e. cost reduction or gaining efficiency in work  (Kremic, 2006). For example, in large manufacturing companies where great number of people is required like labours, designers, suppliers, contractors, etc. outsourcing provides great help as requirement of hiring full time staff is not necessary on outsourced areas. In manufacturing firms large number of parts are manufactured by outsourced companies which could otherwise have been expensive or difficult to manufacture by own. In customer service companies like call centres and BPOs, large firms outsource their customer related services in order to reduce costs of making separate department for them in house. Other human resource management tasks like employee training ce ntres, payroll, staff benefit management, etc are largely outsourced in order to get higher quality work from experts  (Anon., 2011). Advertising plays a major role to make enhanced sale of product or services in business. Outsourcing has given industries a great backing here as large number of advertising companies and social media sites gets outsourced by businesses and carries the work in lesser time. Therefore in some or the other way business is largely depended on outsourcing function to expand their work area and bring in efficiency. Work quality is improved by hiring experts along with enabling business owners to give core efforts in major activities for development of the firm. Although outsourcing is becoming centre in today’s business functions, the challenges to improvise them are also increasing. Thus it becomes necessary on management part to understand the key benefits and potential challenges behind outsourcing function in business  (LLP, 2010). The opportunities relating outsourcing function is been developing and is considered to be highly potential in business  (Kremic, 2006). The advantages of it can be clearly seen in running of organisations which is observed and described by different authors. The following figure depicts major opportunity that can be gained by business while implementing outsourcing function. Operation costs reduction: This is the most advantageous feature of outsourcing which helps organisations to eliminate expenses of full time staff for executing operational or manufacturing area. If manufacturing of parts that requires special machine or assistance of special technicians is outsourced, it can reduce the requirement of setting those expensive machines and hiring full time technicians  (Crosby, 2017). Works related to internal management area like legal, planning, product designing, etc. requires expert advices. Outsourcing can provide scope for expert advice in cost effective manner as they may be efficient in their work while giving services to many companies simultaneously. Easier cost control: The role of management plays an important part to recognise cost curtail in organisational functions as if outsourcing is done in proper and planned manner, it can prove very effective in controlling overall costs of business. Like if a company’s work is seasonal, the hiring of full time staff can increase the cost of project while outsourcing can minimise the costs, provided, the availability of staff is possible during peak season. In other areas like cleaning and sanitizing, transportation, currier service, advertising etc. are normally outsourced in large organisations in order to perform the task in effective and cost reductive way  (Simeoni, 2011). Cooperation with specialist from narrow area: The requirement of advisors in legal and administrative part of firms can prove expensive as the specialists charge higher rates if engaged full time. Outsourcing these functions can provide engagement of experts in lower costs as they work together for many companies and take charges in distributed way. Big organisations prefer to hire full time staff for crucial jobs where important data is used whereas small companies find it easier to outsource these functions and get expert advices in nominal rates  (McCray, 2012). Process optimization and rising efficiency: Outsourcing gives opportunities to the companies to get exposure to merchant specialized systems. By outsourcing work to them, efficiency is increased along with gaining quality products. It also enables time optimization by outsourcing time taking processes to outsiders  (Simeoni, 2011). For example in restaurants and hospitals where large quantity of food and vegetables along with other supplies is required to be purchased on daily basis, outsourcing its marketing function to vendors and supply agencies can get their work done in quicker way and on time. Liberating capital for other purposes: While outsourcing work, capital of the firm is liberated and can be utilized for other important areas. For example, outsourcing Social Medias for advertisement or brand promotion will be easier for the company than to make provision for brand promotion by them and invest in campaigning and door to door advertising. Expenditure can be saved as Social Medias provide advertising function in cheaper and effective way. Thus saved expenditure can be utilised in other important areas like planning and executing  (Pellicelli, 2012). Releasing internal capabilities: This function is also very important as many companies take advantage of outsourcing to release themselves from tedious jobs for other important works. In businesses large number of activities is carried and distributed among employees within the organisation and some are delegated to outside agencies. The owners keep themselves free for monitoring and executing confidential functions of organisations  (Kremic, 2006). This function not only saves time and energy of delegators but also helps them in sharing risks with the outsourced agencies. While making contracts and terms, company’s mentions the time and quality required and if the outsourced company fails to do that, they are entailed to bear losses if the products are not appreciated by the customers  (Crosby, 2017). Although there are many benefits of outsourcing, there are many challenges also which are faced by the companies. No matter how much planned or budgeted management is, there are few challenges still met by them which have been identified by researchers  (Wong, 2006). As shown in the figure below, the major challenges faced by companies are considered and discussed while giving suitable example. Loss of control: One of the biggest challenges faced by business while outsourcing some of its functions is losing significant control over the outsourced area. Since the external agencies become responsible for task completion, they might not let the delegators to interfere while the task is been performed  (Arena Solutions, Inc., 2017). Thus before realizing the possession; the owners lose control in those areas. Like in product manufacturing company, the outsourced manufacturer may lose quality as they work for many companies altogether and cannot look at each company with consideration and while they restrict the delegators to interfere with their processes, it becomes challenging situation for the outsourcing companies. Coverage: In larger companies where many tasks are outsourced, it becomes difficult on management part to cover entire area monitoring in regular basis. Challenges relating outsourcing done in house are exempted from this factor, while others like manufacturers, advisors, advertising agencies, transport agencies, training experts, etc. are difficult to get covered under monitoring system of management. For example, in hotel business, where large number of activities takes place like cooking, cleaning, sanitising, marketing, etc. lots of people are engaged and many works are outsourced. Thus can become challenging for the management to look after all areas with concentration  (Gammelgard, 2017). Employment Inefficiency: While work is outsourced, it may sometimes result in losing morale of employees and reduce their work quality. This is another challenge faced by organisations and to overcome it the management needs to consider outsourcing from employees view point  (Sethi, 2011). For example if an important or growth oriented program is outsourced and employees are given only tedious and directive work, they might lose faith in their capabilities and thus reduces work performance and efficiency. Many stakeholders: Stakeholders are the ones who are directly or indirectly related to the firm commercially. When work is outsourced, more people and agencies get attached to the company and thus becomes an integrated part of the firm. To some extent company becomes liable to them as if their reputation is hampered; the affects might also be faced by the company. Thus outsourcing involves many stakeholders who bring in risks for delegators. This challenge is normally faced by big organisations where huge activities take place in speckled and global ways. While the organisations work is delegated in dispersed way and sometimes to other countries also, they become liable for many stakeholders  (Whitebox Buisness Solutions, 2012). Dispersed locations: Most companies outsource work to agencies in dispersed areas and sometimes to other countries also (of-shoring). While the work is scattered it becomes challenging on the management part to deal with them at the time of difficulties  (Whitebox Buisness Solutions, 2012). For example, agriculture functions for producing food crops are outsourced in food industries where the organisations are unable to do of their own. Since it requires large area and sometimes even outsourced to other countries favourable for producing required crops, the challenge of dispersed location is faced. Other challenge faced by organisations while dispersing its activity to other countries is challenge of culture and language diversification which makes difficult for organisations to tackle while trading product and service related issues. Budget inadequacy: Sometimes the outsourcing companies are unable to understand and figure out the difference in costs between self working and outsourcing. If made without proper planning, outsourcing can sometimes prove ineffective function with increased cost expenditure. The challenge faced here is to make proper planning for the outsourcing function so that budget is not disturbed. On the other hand where the business has got limited number of administrators, outsourcing becomes necessary and the budget for it can sometimes prove inadequate for them  (McCray, 2012). Know how: This challenge has two meanings in literature. One reveals the challenge of getting knowledge about the quality of outsourced work while other reveals the knowledge about method used for doing the work. For example, firms relating manufacturing of medicine outsources manufacturing of some medicines which requires special machines and is difficult for them to purchase. While the manufacturing is outsourced, sometimes the product delivered by the agencies can be of inferior quality and made under unhygienic conditions. This can become dangerous and even lead to shutting down of outsourcing companies. Thus a very crucial challenge faced by organisations is getting informed about the procedure of outsourced work  (Wong, 2006). To understand the opportunities and challenges while outsourcing in business is very important as to outsource work in business has become extremely important in today’s business world. In fast developing countries, globalisation in organisations has gained significance which could be facilitated by outsourcing  (Anon., 2011). The key opportunities that lie in outsourcing like cost reducing way and work efficiency are the reason why most companies prefer outsourcing their business function  (ITONews.eu, 2017). The gaps that are identified in this study are knowledge about proper method and technique with which successful outsourcing function can be obtained. Although researchers and authors have provided many important information’s for the company’s who have or are planning to implement outsourcing function in their business, still the effective procedure for outsourcing is required so that it becomes easier for managers to improvise it with ease. In this re search paper the analysis between opportunities and challenges of outsourcing business function have been made after making a brief study about outsourcing in order to attain utmost information  (Simeoni, 2011). While outsourcing, opportunities like cost effectiveness is gained along with increased efficiency on the other hand the company tends to lose control over significant areas. Engagement of experts gives opportunities to firms in gaining expert advices while security risks relating important data are also possible. Time saving is probable if the work is done correctly or else could result in adverse affects. Although the managers are released for other significant growth related works, the quality of the outsourced work is sometimes hampered  (Simeoni, 2011). Therefore after analysing, it can be rightfully said that gaining opportunity of outsourcing is possible only after getting profound knowledge and talent to manage its challenges. Anon., 2011. Business Process Outsourcing. (BPO) Needs, Scope and benefits. [Online] Available at: https://freeinfotipsonline.wordpress.com/2011/07/06/business-process-outsourcing-bpo-needs-scope-and-benefits/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Arena Solutions, Inc., 2017. Manufacturing Outsourcing for Small and Mid-Size Companies: 10 Key Challenges & How to Address Them. [Online] Available at: https://www.arenasolutions.com/resources/articles/manufacturing-outsourcing-challenges/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Compare Infobase Limited, 2017. Challenges Of Outsourcing. [Online] Available at: https://www.naukrihub.com/trainings/challenges-of-outsourcing.html [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Crosby, T., 2017. How Outsourcing Works. [Online] Available at: https://money.howstuffworks.com/outsourcing2.htm [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Dendler, M.J., n.d. Outsourcing Challenges and Solutions: The Example of Craft Trades. [Online] Available at: https://www.neumann.edu/about/publications/NeumannBusinessReview/journal/Review_SP06/pdf/woodworkingoutsourcing.pdf [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Gammelgard, A., 2017. Three outsourcing challenges you may be facing. [Online] Available at: https://www.arenasolutions.com/blog/post/outsourcing-decisions/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. ITONews.eu, 2017. Outsourcing – What are the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing? [Online] Available at: https://itonews.eu/outsourcing-what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Kingsley, J., 2017. Why OUTSOURCE CAD? and Advantages of Outsourcing. [Online] Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-outsource-cad-advantages-outsourcing-john-kingsley [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Kremic, T., 2006. Outsourcing decision support: a survey of benefits, risks, and decision factors. [Online] Available at: https://ankara.lti.cs.cmu.edu/11780/sites/default/files/Outsourcing-Survey.pdf [Accessed 29 August 2017]. LLP, M., 2010. The benefits and risks of outsourcing. [Online] Available at: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e698d613-af77-4e34-b84e-940e14e94ce4 [Accessed 29 August 2017]. McCray, S., 2012. The Top 10 Problems with Outsourcing Implementation (and how to overcome them). [Online] Available at: https://www.ssonetwork.com/business-process-outsourcing/articles/the-top-10-problems-with-outsourcing-implementatio [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Pellicelli, P.M.a.M., 2012. The Strategies of Outsourcing and Offshoring. [Online] Available at: https://www.aijcrnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_9_September_2012/15.pdf [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Riley, J., 2010. Q&A - Explain what is meant by outsourcing. [Online] Available at: https://www.tutor2u.net/business/blog/qa-explain-what-is-meant-by-outsourcing [Accessed 29August 2017]. Schaffhauser, D., 2005. Outsourcing – What is Outsourcing? [Online] Available at: https://www.sourcingmag.com/what-is-outsourcing/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Sethi, M.S.a.D., 2011. Human Resource Outsourcing: Analysis Based On Literature Review. [Online] Available at: https://www.ijimt.org/papers/118-M514.pdf [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Simeoni, R., 2011. Understanding Outsourcing Arrangements 2. The reasons and the risks of outsourcing. [Online] Available at: https://inspiringscm.wordpress.com/2011/03/17/understanding-outsourcing-arrangements-2-the-reasons-and-the-risks-of-outsourcing/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Whitebox Buisness Solutions, 2012. Seven Challenges of Outsourcing Governance. [Online] Available at: https://whiteboxbizsolutions.wordpress.com/2012/03/05/seven-challenges-of-outsourcing-governance/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Wong, K., 2006. Top 10 Challenges of Outsourcing. [Online] Available at: https://www.cadalyst.com/management/news/top-10-challenges-outsourcing-6845 [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Looking for an answer 'who will do my essay for cheap',

Write a report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write a report - Essay Example Quality needs to go upstream because of the shared responsibility of every player in the supply chain. Deming’s TQM philosophy encompasses not just the visible aspects of the sales process but also the unseen tasks that contribute towards the quality of a product. The traditional method of quality control was laborious and unproductive because it slowed down output and was also very unreliable at getting rid off defective products. The new way of thinking is to locate defective products earlier in the supply chain, which saves valuable time and resources. Increasing quality upstream only works to a point. Quality needs to be located all throughout the supply except with an emphasis upstream. Rework can not only be expensive for a firm, but it can demoralize employees because their efforts are seen to go to waste. Communication between top management and workers is crucial to ensure that rework is only used when it is vital to the objectives of the organization. Crown Audio has recognized the effect that rework can have on employees, and so the company has attempted to make everyone throughout the organization focus on producing high quality products, and if products need to be reworked, then employees are informed about

Small Successful European Economies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Small Successful European Economies - Essay Example since the comparison is calculated as a difference of the unadjusted weighted averages, the exchange rate can either be positive or negative. A nominal exchange rate greater than 1 signifies that the currency of the home country is worth more than the foreign currency against which it is being compared. Any value below 1 would be the opposite. Such a calculation enables consumers to determine the relative price they pay for an imported good and helps them determine whether their spending is worth more or less for the imported goods in comparison to the local currency. The Danish economy, which was agrarian in nature until the 1970s and had been facing problems with restrictions by the EEC members, could not afford to take advantage of a high growth period during the 60s. since then, the contribution of the services sector including segments such as construction and shipping has grown much more in comparison to the contribution from agriculture. Even manufacturing took a backseat with a large part of the workforce being employed in the services sector as manufacturing, which was dependent on international exports faced stiff competition. As such, this decade started to witness a marked increase in the number of companies that could thrive internally and the relevance of companies that were dependent on doing business with external entities began to diminish. This was also the time when Denmark joined the European exchange rate cooperation and the higher rate of inflation that was a result of the severe stress put on the Danish economy resulted in a negative nominal exchange rate. The marked spike in public spending combined with a squeeze on international exports also contributed to the low nominal exchange rate in comparison to the later years. The real effective exchange rate is a weighted range of an economy’s currency in comparison to the collective index of major traded currencies after adjustments for the effects of inflation. These

Individual Report on Group Summit Essay Example for Free

Individual Report on Group Summit Essay Analyzing the process and group dynamics involved in the Summit Agenda, it can be argued that each one member contributed specific approaches to address specific tasks and responsibilities given. These then provided the necessary means to become valuable and effective not only in outlining specific tasks and processes but also allow the group to convey relevant information concerning the purpose of appreciative inquiry and how it relates to the educational realm and the professional expansion among educators. Looking at the division of responsibilities, the creation of the Summit work corresponds to three parts which are then given to each members of the team. Under each category, specific expectations are made for each person to pursue and obtain. Such capacity then gives the necessary ability to address the objectives and goals of the course and actively respond to the topic being discussed. Specifically, these activities look into areas of planning, delivering and reviewing of group work. Analyzing the contributions of Mahire, it can be seen that she was the one responsible for creating, designing, and implementing new strategies related to the process of appreciative inquiry. Here, it is essential to consider that careful study and research must be made in order to convey effective information and knowledge. In handling this responsibility, Mahire was very cohesive and targets every vital input necessary to complete specific goals. This then enabled the group to collaborate effectively and cater towards introducing important inputs relevant to the facilitation of what appreciative inquiry is and how it applies within the realm of educational enhancement and development. Due to this, a fair score of 34 points should be given because of the effort, leadership, and direction that Mahire has given to the group. On the other hand, Marlene handled the review part of the group project. Since she was in charge of this process, she had to make sure that the inputs, text, and other forms of information provided in the presentation are coherent with the given objectives in class. At the same time, considerable attention was also given to the manner the information is conveyed to viewers. This is rather relevant because it can help to encourage participation and induce appreciation of the content presented by the group. Due to this, Marlene showed a very meticulous eye over details and justified her role in the process of immersion and application of relevant concepts as well as its proper documentation and availability during the presentation. Due to this, she deserves a score of 33 due to her effort and willingness to go the extra mile despite seeing some problems with regards to the way she handles her work. Lastly, Aziz provided a fair contribution to different processes associated in the completion of the project. He has shown significant responses both as a leader and follower of specific tasks and responsibilities need to be made. It can be argued that I have given considerable inputs necessary to make this project viable and interesting for viewers. Under each category, like my group members, considerable attention was provided in outlining, processing and addressing each problem that may be involved. By having a significant background in the process of appreciative inquiry, it has provided the leverage to overcome specific challenges and recognize new potentials and goals related to the completion of the project. Thus, I consider giving myself 33 points because of the capacity to cooperate and collaborate towards completing the requirements of this specific project. In the end, the group was successful in fulfilling its objectives. Though there may have been disagreements and challenges in some areas, specific attention was given towards improving the capacity of addressing each one’s needs. Due to this, we were able to overcome these setbacks and focus on what is really important. That is why each one deserves credit for their contributions and actions.

Age Of Reason :: essays research papers

The Eighteenth Century in America was period of time labeled by the works of enlightened writers, thinkers, and scientists. Focus on reason over faith by many during the Age of Reason was spurred by the work of Sir Issac Newton and Galileo, scientists of the seventeenth century. In America, politics dominated the writings because of the Revolution: â€Å"By the time of the War of Independence, nearly fifty newspapers had been established in coastal cities†(95). Due to the enormous amount of political writing, many influential names, such as James Otis, the French writer Voltaire, and the French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau emerged and their explosive works reflected the rationalism of the period. James Otis defended colonist rights during the time of taxation proclaiming: â€Å"Taxation without representation is tyranny†(96), causing many Americans to rally to his cause. As a result, many thinkers, like Thomas Paine and Patrick Henry, of the Age of Reason issued pleas for independence, raised various ideas, and contributed greatly which led to the birth of the United States. Known as the greatest propagandist of the American Revolution, Thomas Paine was a powerful spellbinder who also stood for independence and like Otis, Paine sought to arouse men’s emotions and in January of 1776, he published his pamphlet Common Sense which immediately sold 100,000 copies. Due to its electrifying message, George Washington praised its â€Å"Sound doctrine and unanswerable reasoning†(96). When writing Common Sense, Paine bases his works on sound doctrine, reasons, and openness and observed, â€Å"†¦ I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense; and have no other preliminaries to settle with the reader than that he will divest himself of prejudice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (handout). Although in America only a few years, Paine persuaded great numbers of men by letting them know the time had come for separation from Great Britain. To rally the faltering he wrote: "Freedom has been hunted around the globe. Asia and Africa have expe lled her...and England has given her warning to depart. O, receive the fugitive and prepare in time an asylum for mankind!"(Compton’s Encyclopedia Online 1). Colonists up and down the seaboard read this stirring call to action and George Washington himself said it turned doubt into decision for independence. Patrick Henry was another fearless, eloquent spellbinder who became the spokesman of the southern colonies during the stirring period that led to the Revolution. His words, which expressed the feelings and hopes of the patriots, helped inspire them to make their dreams a reality.

Michigan School for the Deaf Essay

Through the years the school has faced many challenges such as: funding, maintenance, up keep of advancing technology and enrollment. The single most important issue is funding without funding there would be no residential school for the deaf children and the would be forced to be mainstreamed into public school. I propose that parents should be told about Michigan School for the Deaf. Driving down Miller Road in Flint, Michigan and you are probably wondering what the old buildings standing there are for and what came about to how the school Michigan School for the Deaf became about? I will help you better understand. MSD was started in 1848, but it did not start out as MSD. Heck, they didn’t even know what they were going to call it or where it was going to be located, they just knew the deaf and blind needed a school to go to as well as â€Å"normal† students. A State Legislature Governor Ransom, who just so happened to be the governor at the time, wanted to give the idea of having a joint school for the deaf and dumb and blind. A guy by the name of E. H. Thomson proposed a bill to establish an institution called Michigan Asylum for Educating the deaf and dumb and blind. The bill was later enacted into a law and signed April 3rd, 1848. It took a good 28 years to get a school started. In the 1820’s a state sponsored school was proposed to be established in Detroit, Michigan but it was never materialized. A few students who were blind were taught in a preparatory school at the University of Michigan located in Romeo, Michigan during the 1840’s. Children in the 1840’s were not educated in programs, Michigan did not send deaf and blind students to schools like many other states were practicing. Villages of Flint, Romeo, and Kalamazoo extended offers of donations of land, cash, and building materials. In November 1849, the board selected the proposed site for the hospital for the insane and the also the proposed for the school. The hospital was to be located in Kalamazoo and the school was in Flint. The funding law was passed in 1848, but because of financial difficulties the school did not start until 1854. In the year of 1851 the board voiced the idea to joint the deaf and blind because having a separate school was out of the question. They proposed the idea of having of having erected class rooms suitable and separate for the deaf and blind. Students who could afford the school financially, were the suitable age, and had the strength would board in the Village of Flint, the students who couldn’t afford were accommodated under the charge of the Principle. The month of November in 1853 the board offered Reverend Barnabas Maynard Fay the position of Principle. Fay had previous experience as a teacher at Indiana Institution for the Blind and the Institution for Deaf and Dumb in New York. January 1854, Fay was appointed and the school was to open February 1, 1854 in Flint. February 6, 1854 the first student was enrolled, April 18, 1854 it was reported they had 12 students, 11 deaf mute and one blind. Thirteen years later an act was passed to change the name of Michigan Asylum to Michigan Institution for Educating the Dead and Dumb and the Blind. In 1879, the blind were separated the school for the blind from the school for the deaf. In 1887 Michigan School for the Deaf was given, not sure what year Michigan School for the Blind was relocated to Lansing, Michigan. As of 1937 MSD became jurisdiction of the State Board of Education and still remains to this day. (deaftartars. com) You may be wondering why I am writing a proposal for MSD when I am neither deaf or blind. It’s a simple answer, family. My grandpa is a Tartar alumni, being deaf mute and completely blind. He was not always blind, but he has been deaf since the day he was born. My family moved from Arkansas to Michigan for the school. You are probably once again thinking, are you guys crazy? No, we are not, they just wanted best from their highly intelligent son. A lot of people degrade deaf and blind individuals, they see them as being different from us so they automatically call them dumb. It hurts when I hear these individuals being called that because I know first hand that they are not anywhere near that. They have to retain a bunch of knowledge in their brain as well as us, but the difference they have to use their hands where we use are mouths. It is an even harder task because just like us they have to learn different languages also. You are probably really confused as to how a deaf and blind person communicates am I right? I will inform you, it is a lot harder then a regular deaf person. They use what is called tactile sign language, it is when the person talking takes the other persons hand and signs into the palm of the hand, but only using one hand most of the time. Luckily, my grandpa was one of the lucky was to get a great education considering there are a lot of them that are not as lucky example, Matt Hamill. Matt Hamill, found out at a very young age that he was profoundly deaf. His grandfather would not let him go to a school that would help him better learn how to communicate with every day people. He became a star wrestler, even got into Purdue University. Soon to be kicked out because he was not taught sign language and could not comprehend what the interrupters were saying to him, let alone what they were doing. Matt later went to Rochester College of Technology (RTC). There he learned everything he needed to know and became a National Champion Wrestler. Michigan School for the Deaf, is not only for deaf students. MSD is also a school of choice for anyone, but it definitely an expensive school. Tuition is $30,600 and for the resident intermediate school district it is $9,500. Many parents of deaf children do not know that there is a school for deaf children, reasoning why enrollment is down and why MSD does not have a lot of funding. (The Hammer) The amount of enrollment for MSD has gone down so far over the years which is causing some major funding for the school. Public schools get $9,000 for each deaf student that is enrolled into their school district. Most of the students and their parent’s do not even know that Michigan School for the Deaf even exist. I believe in order to get funding up at MSD a group of people need to go from school district to school across Michigan and have an assembly or a benefit for these parents. They can sit down and talk about what can happen at Michigan School for the Deaf for their child, why it is a better ideal school for their child to go to, and why their school district will not tell them about MSD. I bet you didn’t know that for every deaf child a public school has they get $9,000, that is $9,000 that MSD does not et because if that child leaves the district to go to MSD that district loses that money and has to give it to MSD. Deaf culture is a very hard culture to understand. A lot of time learning their language and learning how they have to learn is a very hard way. Its not easy teaching a deaf child math. You have to make sure you never mix the numbers up or how you sign a ver y long equation. The public school really isn’t using the money other then to pay an interrupter for each deaf child that is at that school. They get paid anywhere from $30-$70/hour. For one week of a school year saying that the child attends school for 35 hours that week, that interrupter earns $2,450 just one week! So in all honesty that school is losing money rather then gaining it from/for that child. Even fundraisers for the school would help. Like do a huge sporting event, say that Powers Catholic football team plays a huge game there and half the proceeds go to MSD or even showing movies like The Hammer and paying three dollars to watch it and having snacks where all the proceeds go to the school. I just think that more parents need to know that Michigan School for the Deaf is there so that their child gets a better education for their situation. If Michigan School for the Deaf does not get their funding up they are going to have to shut down and main stream all of their students into public schools. I believe that every parent with a deaf child is a very lucky parent. My grandparents are both deaf and they are highly intelligent. My grandpa is deaf and blind he is what people call the wooden toy maker. He carves fire trucks, old ford trucks, helicopters, and trains out of wood. He has been doing this 1991. my grandpa has no idea what we look like but he knows its us by a simple wave of hi in his hand or a handshake. A lot of people I know call deaf people dumb, but they are far from that. I bet if every person got a chance to have a conversation one to one with a deaf person they would think completely different of how they see each person. They are unique in their own way just like every other person in this world. I think it is amazing how they have a school to go to for their environment as well as we have one for ours. I think taking that away from them is cruel and horrible. Having a child that is deaf is a remarkable thing, do not let something that has been around for years be taken away because someone can afford to keep it up and running. This state needs to understand that they have a historical building in their hands, they need to figure out a way to keep it up and running. Remember, No Child Left Behind. Work Cited Michigan School for the Deaf. January 2011. December 2011 . Debbie Jenkins. Personal interview. December 2011. Harold Riley. Personal interview. December 2011. The Hammer. Dir. Oren Kapal. Perf. Russell Harvard, Raymond J. Barry, and Shoshannah Stern. 2011. Film.

Rip Van Winkle

The characters in Rip Van Winkle and Young Goodman Brown written respectively by Washington Irving and Nathaniel Hawthorne leave their individual communities and return with radically different perspectives (of their current lives) that change their attitudes and way of life in the remaining of their lives. Both stories are set in early American villages, Young Goodman Brown takes place in the 1700’s New England puritan settlement while Rip Van Winkle takes place over 100 years later in an English colony in eastern New York. Both authors were very clever to use different historical context to illustrate cultural aspects of early American societies in order to make the reader aware of how big of a role gender, politics and religion where to the societies. Strange/Supernatural forces challenge and would radically change both characters when they depart from their individual village and head into the forest/mountains and on their perspective, individual journeys. The external scenery that both of the authors provide, has both liberal and figurative meanings that simulate Rip Van Winkle’s and Young Goodman Brown’s experiences. Both characters go into dream-like states and are forced to face problems that would eventually expose their true identities. This shorts stories conclude with transformations in the two characters internal perspectives and external perceptions towards their respective communities and time periods. Young Goodman Brown and Rip Van Winkle illustrate their early American life in a puritan village and New English colony. Overall, one of the most important details in the stories are the relationships these characters have with their wives. In the beginning of Young Goodman Brown, Brown adores his newly wed wife named Faith who he ironically refers to as a blessed angel on Earth. Through out his journey Brown puts his wife in a pedestal of purity despite learning the truth about his brother. Brown’s attitudes starts to change toward Faith during a dream that convinces him of her spiritual demise that is been represented by the symbolic pink ribbons that are falling of the sky. Faiths pink ribbons are a symbol of her virtue, innocence, and purity. The image of the pink ribbons falling from the sky marks the start of the radical transformation of Brown’s feelings towards his wife Faith and his former self towards his society. When Brown returns from his night (dream) in the forest his reaction towards Faith is as if she was a repulsive stranger and is no longer the loving wife he held with high respect and in a pedestal. The story ends with Faith and Brown’s children following Brown’s funeral procession. In the beginning of Rip Van Winkle, Rip is portrayed as lazy husband who would do anything for others except his own husbandly duties. Rip Van Winkle’s wife, Dame Winkle, who is nothing like her husband goes around doing her wifely duties, as a wife and mother, regardless whether her husband Rip meets her needs. Despite been such a likeable person to his friends and neighbors, Winkle makes his wife’s life complicated. Dame Van Winkle is the typical wife that takes care of the obligations she has at home while Rip refuses to be productive around the house. The story emphasis’s how relentlessly Dame nags Rip. However if Rip had assumed his share of household responsibilities perhaps Rip might not have felt an impact. Dame’s life is further complicated by the absence of 20 years of her husband. When Rip returns Dame is dead and he is taken in by his daughter who replaces the maternal role that his wife (dame) had previously occupied. The external scene plays an important role in Rip’s life. The mountains where he goes to hunt are referred to as magical and fairy place, foreshadowing Winkles encounter with the supernatural. In the mountain Rip decides to stay the night ironically this is just where he sleeps for the next 20 years. The branches and the vines that are in Rip’s way on his trip back home are a metaphor for the difficulties that he will soon face back home. The same can be said of the shadowy sinister forest that Brown encounters, this is an indication of the man he will soon become. The dark cloud that Brown sees in the sky is can be a symbol of the dark magic that lies in the center of the forest. Supernatural elements and beings that display mischief in both stories have an important role in both Young and Rip lives. The person Brown meets in the forest displays weird characteristics. This individual is capable of running at abnormal speeds, turns a staff into a snake, and creates a walking stick that allows Brown to transport himself into the center of the forest . This person is later identified to be the devil, is able to change his appearance at will and appears similar to Young Goodman’s grandfather. Brown also observes members of his church, who are witches and wizards, attend a diabolical ceremony. Brown then observes the ceremony being performed by his fellow members. Unlike the evil that Brown experiences, the supernatural things that Rip experiences are nothing of evilness but more of people who enjoy their respective time. While Rip goes up to the mountains with his beloved dog to avoid his wife and hunts for squirrels, he is approached by a group of people who are in a gathering in the mountains, he is invited to join them and he steals a drink which evidently leads to his journey. Brown and Rips life’s are completely altered by the encounters of these supernatural beings and elements during their journeys. Both characters struggle with their identities after becoming lost in their dreams where they were unable to identify reality. Rip discovers that his existence has been erased from the villagers minds after 20 years of absence. Both his nagging wife, Dame, and his loving dog which where his daily aspects of his life are now dead. The new ideas and their patriotism of the villagers are different to Rip’s due to the fact that he had slept through one of America’s greatest moments the American Revolution. Rip goes into a deep confusion when he sees his son, who is now a grown man and who is the precise counterpart of himself, just as he went up the mountain. The appearance of his son makes Rip comprehend the gravity of the situation he is now in. Goodman Brown also experiences something similarly when he is trapped in his world were he discovers the unchristian secrets of his town and even worse his wife’s secrets. He also has confusion on who he is, even the devil with who he meets physically resembles him. Brown is also confused when the devil tells him that he had also had several meetings with Brown’s grandfather and father. Technically, Brown is only away one night but to him it seems along time, at the same time Rip’s 20 years of absence is also one night. Both, Hawthorne and Irving, illustrate American civilization and culture. Natives Americans are represented as evil beings hiding in the forest . While Goodman Brown is walking to the forest he would turn around to see if they weren’t hiding in the trees. When Rip returns back to his village, the villagers tell him that there where rumors that he was carried away by the Indians. References to native Americans demonstrate the mentality of early American towards civilizations that lived ere long before their colonization. In Rip Van Winkle, Irving provides examples of the change of attitudes of colonist before and after the revolutionary war. When Rip wakes up from his 20 year nap he is confronted by the villagers and they ask him what is his â€Å"role†, he makes the mistake of saying he is loyal to England and therefore, he is ac cused of being a spy . Their accusations illustrate the beginning of individual freedom that they now had after winning their Revolution. Hawthorne uses Goodman Brown to proof that the puritans in the village were not really pure. He demonstrates how the puritans would violently pursue people who had other belief systems. For instance, the devil tells Goodman how his past relatives had lashed Quaker women and set fire to an Indian village. To further demonstrate this Brown was giving the ability to witness first hand every sin that his puritan brothers had committed. By the end of both stories the inner self of the characters had undergone a major transformation. The previous role that they had in their earlier communities and lives had also transformed. Brown was aware of the sins of his neighbor, therefore his beliefs about his community had radically changed . His relationship with his wife is no longer a union of love but more of an obligation that he had. The things that the devil had shown Brown had impend him from moving on. After living his life as a cynical person, he dies. Au contraire Rip had become a living legend in his community, somewhat of a war hero, he would always retell his story to other town’s folks in the cavern . He is now free of his wife, who had always been an intrusion in his life. Despite feeling belligerent at the villagers new political stance Rip was now glad he was happy, a free man. Rip’s attitude remains the same but 20 years later he is old enough that a man his age can be taken lightly. Rip’s new perception has change the image of himself, he is now a free husband/hero in the village instead of a lazy husband. As for Brown, the perception he gained, made him more of an open minded person to the sins of the villagers in his community. After his journey through the forest is over he has to live with the burden of the knowledge that not all puritans where pure. Rip Van Winkle The characters in Rip Van Winkle and Young Goodman Brown written respectively by Washington Irving and Nathaniel Hawthorne leave their individual communities and return with radically different perspectives (of their current lives) that change their attitudes and way of life in the remaining of their lives. Both stories are set in early American villages, Young Goodman Brown takes place in the 1700’s New England puritan settlement while Rip Van Winkle takes place over 100 years later in an English colony in eastern New York. Both authors were very clever to use different historical context to illustrate cultural aspects of early American societies in order to make the reader aware of how big of a role gender, politics and religion where to the societies. Strange/Supernatural forces challenge and would radically change both characters when they depart from their individual village and head into the forest/mountains and on their perspective, individual journeys. The external scenery that both of the authors provide, has both liberal and figurative meanings that simulate Rip Van Winkle’s and Young Goodman Brown’s experiences. Both characters go into dream-like states and are forced to face problems that would eventually expose their true identities. This shorts stories conclude with transformations in the two characters internal perspectives and external perceptions towards their respective communities and time periods. Young Goodman Brown and Rip Van Winkle illustrate their early American life in a puritan village and New English colony. Overall, one of the most important details in the stories are the relationships these characters have with their wives. In the beginning of Young Goodman Brown, Brown adores his newly wed wife named Faith who he ironically refers to as a blessed angel on Earth. Through out his journey Brown puts his wife in a pedestal of purity despite learning the truth about his brother. Brown’s attitudes starts to change toward Faith during a dream that convinces him of her spiritual demise that is been represented by the symbolic pink ribbons that are falling of the sky. Faiths pink ribbons are a symbol of her virtue, innocence, and purity. The image of the pink ribbons falling from the sky marks the start of the radical transformation of Brown’s feelings towards his wife Faith and his former self towards his society. When Brown returns from his night (dream) in the forest his reaction towards Faith is as if she was a repulsive stranger and is no longer the loving wife he held with high respect and in a pedestal. The story ends with Faith and Brown’s children following Brown’s funeral procession. In the beginning of Rip Van Winkle, Rip is portrayed as lazy husband who would do anything for others except his own husbandly duties. Rip Van Winkle’s wife, Dame Winkle, who is nothing like her husband goes around doing her wifely duties, as a wife and mother, regardless whether her husband Rip meets her needs. Despite been such a likeable person to his friends and neighbors, Winkle makes his wife’s life complicated. Dame Van Winkle is the typical wife that takes care of the obligations she has at home while Rip refuses to be productive around the house. The story emphasis’s how relentlessly Dame nags Rip. However if Rip had assumed his share of household responsibilities perhaps Rip might not have felt an impact. Dame’s life is further complicated by the absence of 20 years of her husband. When Rip returns Dame is dead and he is taken in by his daughter who replaces the maternal role that his wife (dame) had previously occupied. The external scene plays an important role in Rip’s life. The mountains where he goes to hunt are referred to as magical and fairy place, foreshadowing Winkles encounter with the supernatural. In the mountain Rip decides to stay the night ironically this is just where he sleeps for the next 20 years. The branches and the vines that are in Rip’s way on his trip back home are a metaphor for the difficulties that he will soon face back home. The same can be said of the shadowy sinister forest that Brown encounters, this is an indication of the man he will soon become. The dark cloud that Brown sees in the sky is can be a symbol of the dark magic that lies in the center of the forest. Supernatural elements and beings that display mischief in both stories have an important role in both Young and Rip lives. The person Brown meets in the forest displays weird characteristics. This individual is capable of running at abnormal speeds, turns a staff into a snake, and creates a walking stick that allows Brown to transport himself into the center of the forest . This person is later identified to be the devil, is able to change his appearance at will and appears similar to Young Goodman’s grandfather. Brown also observes members of his church, who are witches and wizards, attend a diabolical ceremony. Brown then observes the ceremony being performed by his fellow members. Unlike the evil that Brown experiences, the supernatural things that Rip experiences are nothing of evilness but more of people who enjoy their respective time. While Rip goes up to the mountains with his beloved dog to avoid his wife and hunts for squirrels, he is approached by a group of people who are in a gathering in the mountains, he is invited to join them and he steals a drink which evidently leads to his journey. Brown and Rips life’s are completely altered by the encounters of these supernatural beings and elements during their journeys. Both characters struggle with their identities after becoming lost in their dreams where they were unable to identify reality. Rip discovers that his existence has been erased from the villagers minds after 20 years of absence. Both his nagging wife, Dame, and his loving dog which where his daily aspects of his life are now dead. The new ideas and their patriotism of the villagers are different to Rip’s due to the fact that he had slept through one of America’s greatest moments the American Revolution. Rip goes into a deep confusion when he sees his son, who is now a grown man and who is the precise counterpart of himself, just as he went up the mountain. The appearance of his son makes Rip comprehend the gravity of the situation he is now in. Goodman Brown also experiences something similarly when he is trapped in his world were he discovers the unchristian secrets of his town and even worse his wife’s secrets. He also has confusion on who he is, even the devil with who he meets physically resembles him. Brown is also confused when the devil tells him that he had also had several meetings with Brown’s grandfather and father. Technically, Brown is only away one night but to him it seems along time, at the same time Rip’s 20 years of absence is also one night. Both, Hawthorne and Irving, illustrate American civilization and culture. Natives Americans are represented as evil beings hiding in the forest . While Goodman Brown is walking to the forest he would turn around to see if they weren’t hiding in the trees. When Rip returns back to his village, the villagers tell him that there where rumors that he was carried away by the Indians. References to native Americans demonstrate the mentality of early American towards civilizations that lived ere long before their colonization. In Rip Van Winkle, Irving provides examples of the change of attitudes of colonist before and after the revolutionary war. When Rip wakes up from his 20 year nap he is confronted by the villagers and they ask him what is his â€Å"role†, he makes the mistake of saying he is loyal to England and therefore, he is ac cused of being a spy . Their accusations illustrate the beginning of individual freedom that they now had after winning their Revolution. Hawthorne uses Goodman Brown to proof that the puritans in the village were not really pure. He demonstrates how the puritans would violently pursue people who had other belief systems. For instance, the devil tells Goodman how his past relatives had lashed Quaker women and set fire to an Indian village. To further demonstrate this Brown was giving the ability to witness first hand every sin that his puritan brothers had committed. By the end of both stories the inner self of the characters had undergone a major transformation. The previous role that they had in their earlier communities and lives had also transformed. Brown was aware of the sins of his neighbor, therefore his beliefs about his community had radically changed . His relationship with his wife is no longer a union of love but more of an obligation that he had. The things that the devil had shown Brown had impend him from moving on. After living his life as a cynical person, he dies. Au contraire Rip had become a living legend in his community, somewhat of a war hero, he would always retell his story to other town’s folks in the cavern . He is now free of his wife, who had always been an intrusion in his life. Despite feeling belligerent at the villagers new political stance Rip was now glad he was happy, a free man. Rip’s attitude remains the same but 20 years later he is old enough that a man his age can be taken lightly. Rip’s new perception has change the image of himself, he is now a free husband/hero in the village instead of a lazy husband. As for Brown, the perception he gained, made him more of an open minded person to the sins of the villagers in his community. After his journey through the forest is over he has to live with the burden of the knowledge that not all puritans where pure.

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